Hyperhidrosis is a common medical condition, characterized by excessive sweating, which often leads to both physical discomfort and emotional stress. Hyperhidrosis can occur all over the body (generalized) or may only affect certain parts of the body (localized). The part of the body most commonly affected include the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, underarms, face, and scalp.
Excessive sweating often interferes with daily routine activities, causing varying degrees of disability. The inability to grip items properly due to sweaty palms and the embarrassment caused by visibly soaking through clothing can have significant and wide-ranging negative impacts on individuals’ quality of life.
The Physiology of Hyperhidrosis
Under normal circumstances, the body uses perspiration to regulate its internal temperature. Sweat is produced by sweat glands located in the skin, particularly in the armpits, palms, soles of the feet, and face. In individuals with hyperhidrosis, the sweat glands over-function, producing more sweat than necessary for body temperature regulation.
While everyone sweats in response to hot weather, physical exertion, or even stress and nervousness, individuals with hyperhidrosis have an overactive sweat response. For persons affected by hyperhidrosis, excessive perspiration can occur even during mild weather or at rest, without any trigger.
Types of Hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis is classified into two types: primary (idiopathic) hyperhidrosis and secondary hyperhidrosis.
Primary hyperhidrosis, also known as focal hyperhidrosis, typically starts during childhood or adolescence and tends to be localized to specific regions including the hands, feet, armpits, face and head. It is not associated with any other medical conditions and tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic basis. It usually follows a characteristic pattern and occurs on both sides of the body at the same time.
Secondary hyperhidrosis, on the other hand, is often generalized, severe, and could be caused by an underlying health condition or medication side-effect. This type can appear suddenly, at any age, and is commonly associated with conditions like endocrine issues, infections, neurological disorders, or malignant diseases.
Diagnosis of Hyperhidrosis
Diagnosing hyperhidrosis often involves a detailed medical history and physical examination. Doctors may ask about symptoms, triggers, work, stress levels, and family history. They may perform a physical examination and tests to determine whether hyperhidrosis is primary or secondary and to rule out any underlying conditions causing excessive sweating.
A common test used in the diagnosis of hyperhidrosis is the “starch-iodine” test where an iodine solution is applied to the sweating area and after drying, starch is sprinkled onto the area. If the starch-iodine mixture turns dark blue, excessive sweating is confirmed.
Treatment of Hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis can be challenging to treat, as it requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Treatment options include topical antiperspirants, oral medications, botulinum toxin injections, iontophoresis, and in severe cases, surgical interventions.
So you might ask: “What is the best treatment for excessive sweating?”
The answer is that the best treatment varies from person to person depending on the severity and location of the hyperhidrosis, as well as the person’s age, overall health, and personal preference. The medical professional will consider all these factors in determining the most effective treatment plan.
In conclusion, hyperhidrosis is a common condition that can cause significant emotional and social distress. However, with appropriate diagnosis and treatment, most people with hyperhidrosis can achieve good control of their symptoms and improve their quality of life.